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Evaluation of a Web-Based Tutoring System for Java: Design Implications
Abstract
To assess the relative effectiveness of a Java tutor, three groups of eight students learned a Java applet under three instructional conditions: (1) web-based programmed instruction tutoring system, (2) self-regulated learning with a manual, and (3) rote memorization of the code. Postlearning multiple-choice tests were administered for 32 items of code, 10 rows of code, and 12 general principles of Java programming. It was hypothesized that these performance measures would show the superiority of the tutoring system, when compared to studying a manual of the syntax and semantics of the code and to memorizing the code without learning the meaning of the items in the applet. The results did not support test outcome differences among the three groups on these measures, and software self-efficacy improved for all students. These findings were interpreted in terms of implications for the design of tutoring system instructional frames and in terms of the sensitivity of the tests to detect differences among the three groups.
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