Table Of Contents

• Chapter I: Explaining the Geography of Infant Health
  • Geographic Variations in Infant Health
  • Smoking is Bad
  • What Does It Mean to Be Poor?
  • Stress
  • The Geography of Health
  • References
• Chapter II: An Introduction to GIS (All Things Data)
  • Data Input
  • Health Data
  • Confidentiality Issues
  • Address Matching/Geocoding
  • Other Useful Data 1: Socioeconomic Data
  • Other Useful Data 2: Boundary and Background Data
  • Data Manipulation
  • Aggregating into Spatial Units
  • Data Reduction
  • Creating New Data
  • Calculating Deprivation Indexes
  • Improving Health Outcome Information
  • Perinatal Periods of Risk (PPOR)
  • References
• Chapter III: An Introduction to GIS (All Things Spatial)
  • Visualizing the Data
  • Choropleth Map
  • Common Dot Map
  • Isarithmic (Isoline) Map
  • Proportional (Graduated) Point Symbol Map
  • Spatial Analysis
  • CrimeStat®
  • GeoDa™
  • Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)
  • vSaTScan™
  • GIS as a Management Information System
  • What is a Neighborhood?
  • Including Geography in the Analysis
  • Holistic Neighborhood Investigations
  • Spatially Synthesizing Previous Research
  • References
• Chapter IV: The Geography of Health Risks
  • Infant Deaths, Low Birth Weight, and Short Gestation Deliveries
  • Medical Risks
  • Behavioral Risks
  • So What Can We Do With GIS?
  • Cohort or Social Risks
  • Social Risks: Disparities in African American Neighborhoods
  • Spatial Cohort
  • Neighborhood Risks
  • Suffer the Children
  • Environmental Risks
  • GIS Analyses of Environmental Risks
  • GIS, Cancer, and Low Birth Weight Research in Louisiana
  • Cancer and Birth Outcome Co-Investigation Template
  • Summarizing It All: The Relationship Between Risk and Stress
  • So What Can Be Done?
  • References
• Chapter V: GIS and Spatial Analysis: Keeping It Simple
  • Exploratory Analysis vs. Hypothesis Testing
  • Spatial Design
  • Spatial Sampling
  • Aggregation Effects
  • Three Simple Techniques: Overlay, Density, and a Difference of Proportions Test
  • Overlay as Analysis
  • A Cautionary Tale
  • Density Analysis
  • Difference of Proportions Test
  • Results for Year One (Table 1)
  • Results for Year Two (Table 2)
  • Results for Year Three (Table 3)
  • Under-18 Pregnancies (Table 4)
  • References
• Chapter VI: Advanced Spatial Analysis
  • Spatial Autocorrelation
  • Global Spatial Autocorrelation
  • Local Spatial Autocorrelation
  • Cluster Analysis
  • Cluster Techniques
  • Spatial Filtering (DMAP)
  • Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering (NNHC)
  • Kernel Density Estimation
  • Infant Mortality and Prenatal Risks: The Case of East Baton Rouge
  • Regressing Selected Prenatal Risk Factors on the Infant Mortality Rate
  • Geographically Weighted Regression
  • References
• Chapter VII: Spatial/Temporal Stability in Neighborhoods of Risk: The Mobility of Mothers
  • How Far Do the Mothers Move?
  • Temporal Stability and Implications for Outreach
  • Developing a Neighborhood Categorization Scheme Based on Temporal Stability
  • Constructing Neighborhoods Around Mortality
  • Locations
  • Temporal Stability in Risks Around Infant Deaths
  • Temporal Stability in a Global Risk Investigation
  • Temporal Stability in the Four Neighborhoods
  • Results from the Difference of Proportions t-test
  • Conclusions on Temporal Stability
  • References
• Chapter VIII: Patient Confidentiality
  • Confidentiality in Maps
  • Statistical (Attribute) Confidentiality
  • Spatial (Locational) Confidentiality
  • Preserving Confidentiality in Governmental Agencies
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • U.S. Census
  • U.S. Department of Justice
  • Geographically Masking the Location of Confidential Point Data
  • Experimental Testing
  • Results for Global Geographic Masking
  • Results for Local Geographic Masking
  • Preserving Spatial Confidentiality of Two Locally Masked Point Patterns
  • Manipulating Both Area Boundaries and the Location of Confidential Point Data
  • References
• Chapter IX: Creating the Baton Rouge Healthy Start GIS
  • Beginnings
  • Determining the Program Area
  • Identifying Areas With No Prenatal Care
  • Neighborhood Profiling
  • Creating the Database
  • Data Input
  • Reaching Out
  • What Next?
  • Post Script
  • References
• Chapter X: Bioterrorism, Pregnancy, and Old White Men
  • Vulnerability in the U.S.
  • Bioterrorism and Pregnancy Risk
  • GIS and Vulnerability Mapping
  • Identifying the Vulnerable
  • So How Do We Bring Healthy Start into This?
  • Are Pregnant Women Really Vulnerable?
  • Criticisms of Syndromic Surveillance
  • References
• Chapter XI: Rural Health Issues and Their Investigation in a GIS Environment
  • Introduction
  • The Complexity of Rurality
  • Rural Places and Health
  • An Overview of Some Rural Health Issues
  • Rural Geography and Dealing With Rural Data
  • Conclusion
  • References