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Transportation Risk Analysis
Abstract
Petroleum is transported across the water in barges and tankers, and on land, using pipelines, trucks, and trains. Natural gas is moved, mainly, by pipelines. The most common causes of tanker accidents are: fire/explosions, loading/offloading, structural damage, collision, and grounding. Pipeline accidents are due to: corrosion, third parties activities, mechanical damage, natural events, and operational error. Some of the most commonly applied preventive activities that reduce spills in waterborne transportation are: double-hulled tanker, navigation safety and radio communications equipment, tanker exclusion zone, etc. The pipeline condition can be recorded by using various nondestructive measurement techniques or by chemical analysis of fluid flows. Different types of sensors can be used to locate and determine the size of an anomaly in the pipeline geometry. Mayor methods for detecting leaks are measuring the hydrodynamic parameters or registering abnormal conditions in the fluid flow and detecting phenomena in the immediate vicinity of the pipeline.
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