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Newspapers and Digital Libraries
Abstract
This chapter deals with the new digital environment that embraces newspaper content. The notions of newspapers, news, articles, photographs, cartoons and podcasts are considered. The legal notion of the entitlement of creators’ rights in different newspaper contents (journalists, photographers, cartoonists, visual artists), the legal implications due to contractual arrangements and the status of rights in case of an employment contract and in case of a services contract are analyzed from the copyright perspective. The chapter answers the question who owns the electronic rights in the newspapers contents. It considers the exceptions and limitations of copyright, the fair use principle and the three-steps test. Lastly, it deals with the undisputed modern reality of digital libraries with newspaper content and digital libraries of general cultural content and defines the unique characteristics of works included in newspapers. It concludes that, while international and national legislators acknowledge the social request for a more free access to technical and educational materials, copyrights are to be respected.
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