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Fundus Examination in Pediatric Patients Using Indirect Ophthalmoscopy: Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (BIO), BIO With Scleral Indentation, BIO in Premature Infants

Fundus Examination in Pediatric Patients Using Indirect Ophthalmoscopy: Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (BIO), BIO With Scleral Indentation, BIO in Premature Infants
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Author(s): Danielle M. Ledoux (Specialized Pediatric Eye Care, Inc., USA), Brandon Johnson (New York Retina Center, USA), Issac Moradi (Retina Group, USA)and Lily Zhu-Tam (Citywide Eye Care Optometry, USA)
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 25
Source title: The Pediatric Eye Exam Quick Reference Guide: Office and Emergency Room Procedures
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Lily Zhu-Tam (Citywide Eye Care Optometry, USA)and Ida Chung (College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8044-8.ch014

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Abstract

The goal of this chapter is to provide the clinician with an understanding of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) and helpful clinical techniques for success in examining the fundus of the pediatric patient, including scleral depression. The challenging technique to examine the premature infant at risk for retinopathy of prematurity will be explained in detail, including the standard classification of the disease with photos depicting the different location and stages of disease. BIO with the addition of scleral indentation helps the clinician diagnose and locate lesions that may otherwise go undetected, such as retinal holes, tears, or vitreoretinal adhesions. Complete examination of the fundus of a child is no less important than of any other patient who seeks eye care but often requires efficiency and precision (as well as many human arms). Time is a rate limiting aspect when examining children so preparation and experience will lead to success.

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