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Environmental Change and the Emergence of Infectious Diseases: A Regional Perspective from South America

Environmental Change and the Emergence of Infectious Diseases: A Regional Perspective from South America
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Author(s): Ulisses Confalonieri (René Rachou Research Center - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil), Júlia Alves Menezes (René Rachou Research Center – Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil)and Carina Margonari (René Rachou Research Center - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil)
Copyright: 2017
Pages: 29
Source title: Examining the Role of Environmental Change on Emerging Infectious Diseases and Pandemics
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Maha Bouzid (University of East Anglia, UK)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0553-2.ch005

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Abstract

In South America in the past decades several infectious diseases have emerged or re-emerged either as part of larger pandemics or as local processes involving autochthonous pathogens. These included arthropod-borne viral diseases, such as Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and Zika as well as viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Junin, Machupo and Guanarito viruses. Parasitic disease was also important such as Malaria, endemic in the northern part of the continent, Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease. Carrion disease, a bacterial infection originally from the Andes region, also seems to be expanding geographically. Several social and environmental processes have contributed to the emergence of these pathogens, including human migration, deforestation, road and dam building and climate shifts. Due to its high biological diversity of wildlife, arthropods and virus species in still untouched natural ecosystems in the Amazon has the greatest regional potential for the emergence of new human infections.

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