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Engineers' Perceptions of Relational Limitations Intrinsic to Virtual Work
Abstract
Virtual work is increasingly prevalent in organizational settings. Many corporations communicate virtually to reduce travel and facility costs and expedite production. Benefits of employees communicating virtually are recognizable and advantageous, but the benefits can come at a price—decreased human interactions. This study explored engineers’ perceptions of relational limitations inherent to virtual work. Engineers enrolled in a communication course who use virtual work methods on the job comprised the sample. Qualitative content analysis revealed engineers perceive virtual work as a convenient and easy-to-use medium that bridges geography, curtails expenses, expedites meetings, and allows flex time. Conversely, engineers reported several relational limitations associated with virtual work, including reduced personal interactions, diminished nonverbal cues, increased miscommunications, added interference, and weakened interpersonal skills. Engineers exercise supplemental face-to-face communication, occasional on-site meetings, and social activities to counter virtual relational limitations. A social exchange theoretical perspective explains engineers’ continued use of virtual work.
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